Posts
Text Dependent Questions
I'm not proud of this, but it's true; I got through high school without reading a book all the way through. I'm convinced now it was because of the lack of text dependent questions. If we really want students to grapple with more complex levels of texts, we have to ask them to interact with the text in ways that actually makes them read it! Sounds simple, I know. Look at the examples and non examples from the Council of Great City Schools below. Makes a world of difference. Join the Edmodo online community sponsored by the Council under Basil alignment study to learn more about writing text dependent questions yourself.
Guided Reading with Accountable Independent Reading (GRAIR)
Our teachers are learning how to address grade level standards with students who are above and below grade level. Our approach up until now for differentiation was accomplished by guided reading were students used "instructional level" texts to learn reading skills. The Common Core talks of complex texts for all students, so how we do help our weaker readers with these grade level skills? Authors David and Meredith Liben would suggest to use, "Both And..." Their white paper outlines components of a literacy program, but my favorite part of the work is the appendix where a teacher can see an outline of things to do in the classroom to implement both a guided reading approach and a whole group grade level standards approach to instruction. Don't miss this part!
Be intentional about what is intended for independent reading and what is intended for grade level instruction. Independent level text has a place in a child's reading experience to help them build fluency. Scaffolds for grade level, complex texts must exist to provide all children with an opportunity to learn the core standards. Close reading is one great example of how to provide student multiple opportunities to interact with the same text to get at deeper levels of understanding. This is what we've missed in our guided reading literacy instruction in the past. Weaker readers were taught were lower levels texts, and therefore, were rarely/never exposed to more demanding types of interactions with the text. The gap just widens for them.
Fluency Practice
Remember that to build fluency, students should be able to read the text independently. Teacher guidance in helping student pick books they are interested in and that will be a good fit for their reading level is sometimes a challenge. There are tools out there to help navigate text complexity. CCSSO has a site to help. For secondary classrooms especially, there is a lack of fluency materials for practice and progress monitoring. Check out the fluency packets for students in grades 4-12 on achievethecore.org.
Materials for the Common Core
No one resource or one publisher will be able to address all of the standards and instructional changes the Common Core demands, at least according to all the speakers at this week's CCSSO Instructional Materials work group meeting. Instructional changes can be made to help prepare students as we sort through the materials questions. I hope some of the above strategies/pedagogical shifts help. To skip the issue of quality instructional materials wouldn't be a fair representation of the conference, however. So, I thought I'd link just two free online resources for curriculum that came up over and over again:
EngageNY: http://www.engageny.org/english-language-arts
Core Knowledge: http://www.coreknowledge.org/ckla
It's also worth mentioning that SCASS is putting together text sets which are a series of books on the same topic to help students to make meaning from multiple texts, not just comprehend the texts as individual books. This helps get at more non-fiction (50% goal for elementary in the Core) but building knowledge from a series a non-fiction texts. Their work is still to come, but I'm anxious to have it released later this year.
English Language Arts instruction in the age of the Common Core is complex work. I have more questions than I do answers, but hope some of these notes have helped. Understanding the complexity of ELA is the work my district is embarking up now; more work to come.
